Tugas Komunikasi Data Teentang Kode ASCII, BCD, BCDIC, EBCDIC, BAUDOT

Kode ASCII, BCD, BCDIC, EBCDIC, BAUDOT
00:50 Taufik Ramadhan Firdaus


ASCII Kode
Kode Standar Amerika untuk Pertukaran Informasi atau ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) merupakan suatu standar internasional dalam kode huruf dan simbol seperti Hex dan Unicode tetapi ASCII lebih bersifat universal, contohnya 124 adalah untuk karakter "|". Ia selalu digunakan oleh komputer dan alat komunikasi lain untuk menunjukkan teks. Kode ASCII sebenarnya memiliki komposisi bilangan biner sebanyak 8 bit. Dimulai dari 0000 0000 hingga 1111 1111. Total kombinasi yang dihasilkan sebanyak 256, dimulai dari kode 0 hingga 255 dalam sistem bilangan Desimal



BCD Kode
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD or "8421" BCD) numbers are made up using just 4 data bits (a nibble or half a byte) similar to the Hexadecimal numbers we saw in the binary tutorial, but unlike hexadecimal numbers that range in full from 0 through to F, BCD numbers only range from 0 to 9, with the binary number patterns of 1010 through to 1111 (A to F) being invalid inputs for this type of display and so are not used as shown below.

Decimal Binary Pattern BCD
8 4 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 1
2 0 0 1 0 2
3 0 0 1 1 3
4 0 1 0 0 4
5 0 1 0 1 5
6 0 1 1 0 6
7 0 1 1 1 7
Decimal Binary Pattern BCD
8 4 2 1
8 1 0 0 0 8
9 1 0 0 1 9
10 1 0 1 0 Invalid
11 1 0 1 1 Invalid
12 1 1 0 0 Invalid
13 1 1 0 1 Invalid
14 1 1 1 0 Invalid
15 1 1 1 1 Invalid


BCD to 7-Segment Display Decoders
A binary coded decimal (BCD) to 7-segment display decoder such as the TTL 74LS47 or 74LS48, have 4 BCD inputs and 7 output lines, one for each LED segment. This allows a smaller 4-bit binary number (half a byte) to be used to display all the denary numbers from 0 to 9 and by adding two displays together, a full range of numbers from 00 to 99 can be displayed with just a single byte of 8 data bits.


BCD to 7-Segment Decoder

The use of packed BCD allows two BCD digits to be stored within a single byte (8-bits) of data, allowing a single data byte to hold a BCD number in the range of 00 to 99.
An example of the 4-bit BCD input (0100) representing the number 4 is given below.
Example No1


In practice current limiting resistors of about 150Ω to 220Ω would be connected in series between the decoder/driver chip and each LED display segment to limit the maximum current flow. Different display decoders or drivers are available for the different types of display available, e.g. 74LS48 for common-cathode LED types, 74LS47 for common-anode LED types, or the CMOS CD4543 for liquid crystal display (LCD) types.
Liquid crystal displays (LCD´s) have one major advantage over similar LED types in that they consume much less power and nowadays, both LCD and LED displays are combined together to form larger Dot-Matrix Alphanumeric type displays which can show letters and characters as well as numbers in standard Red or Tri-colour outputs.



BCDIC Kode
EBCDIC Kode
ASCII is not the only format in use out there. IBM adopted EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) developed for punched cards in the early 1960s and still uses it on mainframes today. It is probably the next most well known character set due to the proliferation of IBM mainframes. It comes in at least six slightly differing forms, so again here is the most common.








EBCDIC
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EBCDIC (Inggris: Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) adalah kode 8 - bit untuk huruf yang dipakai pada sistem operasi komputer merk IBM, seperti z/OS, OS/390, VM, VSE, OS/400, dan i5/OS. Kode EBCDIC ini juga dipakai untuk beberapa jenis komputer lain seperti Fujitsu-Siemens BS2000/OSD, HP MPE/iX, dan Unisys MCP. Kode ini merupakan pengembangan dari kode 6-bit yang dipakai untuk kartu berlubang (punched card) pada komputer IBM antara akhir tahun 1950an dan awal tahun 1960an.
Variasi dari kode EBCDIC ini disebut CCSID 500 yang ditampilkan pada tabel di bawah ini dalam format bilangan komputer hexadesimal. Kode 00 sampai 3F dipakai untuk huruf kendali, kode 40 untuk spasi, dll.
-0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -A -B -C -D -E -F
0- NUL
00 SOH
01 STX
02 ETX
03 SEL
HT
09 RNL
DEL
7F GE
SPS
RPT
VT
0B FF
0C CR
0D SO
0E SI
0F
1- DLE
10 DC1
11 DC2
12 DC3
13 RES
ENP
NL
BS
08 POC
CAN
18 EM
19 UBS
CU1
IFS
1C IGS
1D IRS
1E IUS
ITB
1F
2- DS
SOS
FS
WUS
BYP
INP
LF
0A ETB
17 ESC
1B SA
SFE
SM
SW
CSP
MFA
ENQ
05 ACK
06 BEL
07
3-

SYN
16 IR
PP
TRN
NBS
EOT
04 SBS
IT
RFF
CU3
DC4
14 NAK
15
SUB
1A
4- SP
20 RSP
A0 â
E2 ä
E4 à
E0 á
E1 ã
E3 å
E5 ç
E7 ñ
F1 [
5B .
2E < 3C ( 28 + 2B ! 21 5- & 26 é E9 ê EA ë EB è E8 í E0 î EE ï EF ì ED ß DF ] 5D $ 24 * 2A ) 29 ; 3B ^ 5E 6- - 2D / 2F Â C2 Ä C4 À C0 Á C1 Ã C3 Å C5 Ç C7 Ñ D1 ¦ A6 , 2C % 25 _ 5F >
3E ?
3F
7- ø
F8 É
C9 Ê
CA Ë
CB È
C8 Í
CD Î
CE Ï
CF Ì
CC `
60 :
3A #
23 @
40 '
27 =
3D "
22
8- Ø
D8 a
61 b
62 c
63 d
64 e
65 f
66 g
67 h
68 i
69 «
AB »
BB ð
F0 ý
FD þ
FE ±
B1
9- °
B0 j
6A k
6B l
6C m
6D n
6E o
6F p
70 q
71 r
72 ª
AA º
BA æ
E6 ¸
B8 Æ
C6 ¤
A4
A- µ
B5 ~
7E s
73 t
74 u
75 v
76 w
77 x
78 y
79 z
7A ¡
A1 ¿
BF Ð
D0 Ý
DD Þ
DE ®
AE
B- ¢
A2 £
A3 ¥
A5 •
B7 ©
A9 §
A7 ¶
B6 ¼
BC ½
BD ¾
BE ¬
AC |
7C ¯
AF ¨
A8 ´
B4 ×
D7
C- {
7B A
41 B
42 C
43 D
44 E
45 F
46 G
47 H
48 I
49 SHY
AD ô
F4 ö
F6 ò
F2 ó
F3 õ
F5
D- }
7D J
4A K
4B L
4C M
4D N
4E O
4F P
50 Q
51 R
52 ¹
B9 û
FB ü
FC ù
F9 ú
FA ÿ
FF
E- \
5C ÷
F7 S
53 T
54 U
55 V
56 W
57 X
58 Y
59 Z
5A ²
82 Ô
D4 Ö
D6 Ò
D2 Ó
D3 Õ
D5
F- 0
30 1
31 2
32 3
33 4
34 5
35 6
36 7
37 8
38 9
39 ³
83 Û
D8 Ü
DC Ù
D9 Ú
DA EO



BAUDOT Kode
This table presents a programmer's quick reference to the "Baudot" character set.
IMPORTANT NOTE: The code presented here is with reference to usage in the computer industry. The original, true, baudot code differs from that presented below. The following table presents CCITT Alphabet No 2 which was developed from Murray's code which was in turn developed from Baudot's code. Baudot's code was replaced by Murray's code in 1901. And ITA2 replaced both by the early 1930's, so virtually all "teletype" equipment made in the U.S. uses ITA2 or the U.S. national version of the code.
The 'baudot' code has been used extensively in telegraph systems. It is a five bit code invented by the Frenchman Emile Baudot in 1870. Using five bits allowed 32 different characters. To accomodate all the letters of the alphabet and numerals, two of the 32 combinations were used to select alternate character sets. The figures column is valid after a figures shift character has been received. It remains in effect until a letters shift is received, after which the letters column should be referred to (and vice-versa).
Two 'Baudot codes' are in common useage. The first as used in America. The second, used in Europe, is also termed the CCITT Alphabet No. 2. In each, the 'letters' are identical, but the 'figures' differ.
The five-bit words are bracketed by a start bit (space) and a stop bit (mark). Idling is shown by the 'marking' state. Words are transmitted LSB first.

Binary Decimal Hex Octal Letter U.S.
Figures CCITT No.2
Figures
00000 0 0 0 N/A N/A N/A
00001 1 1 1 E 3 3
00010 2 2 2 LF LF LF
00011 3 3 3 A - -
00100 4 4 4 Space Space Space
00101 5 5 5 S BELL '
00110 6 6 6 I 8 8
00111 7 7 7 U 7 7
01000 8 8 10 CR CR CR
01001 9 9 11 D $ WRU
01010 10 A 12 R 4 4
01011 11 B 13 J ' Bell
01100 12 C 14 N , ,
01101 13 D 15 F ! !
01110 14 E 16 C : :
01111 15 F 17 K ( (
10000 16 10 20 T 5 5
10001 17 11 21 Z " +
10010 18 12 22 L ) )
10011 19 13 23 W 2 2
10100 20 14 24 H # £
10101 21 15 25 Y 6 6
10110 22 16 26 P 0 0
10111 23 17 27 Q 1 1
11000 24 18 30 O 9 9
11001 25 19 31 B ? ?
11010 26 1A 32 G & &
11011 27 1B 33 Figures Shift Figures Shift Figures Shift
11100 28 1C 34 M . .
11101 29 1D 35 X / /
11110 30 1E 36 V ; =
11111 31 1F 37 Letters Shift Letters Shift Letters Shift